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CEO INSIGHT-INVESTORS GUIDE 2025
CEO INSIGHT
CEO INSIGHT

Newly Formed Investment Council To Enhance Egypt’s FDI Attractiveness

Egyptian President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi issued on Thursday decree No. 141/2023 to form the Supreme Council for Investment.

The Council shall be formed and headed by the President of the republic, with the membership of Prime Minister, Governor of Central Bank, and Ministers of Defence and Military Production, Justice, Planning and Economic Development, International Cooperation, Finance, Interior, Communications and Information Technology, Local Development, Public Enterprises Sector, and Trade and Industry. Other members include the Head of General Intelligence, Chairperson of Administrative Control Authority, Chairperson of Egyptian Exchange, Chairperson of the Suez Canal Economic Zone, CEO of General Authority for Investment and Free Zones, CEO of the Sovereign Fund of Egypt, Chairperson of Federation of Egyptian Industries, and Chairperson of Egyptian Federation for Investors Associations and Institutions.

The council aims to create a better investment climate and to provide guidance and support to achieve that. It will also create the general framework for legislative and administrative reforms in the investment environment, approve policies and investment plans that determine the priority investment projects in line with the country’s public policy, economic and social development plans and applicable investment systems.

Minister of Finance Mohamed Maait said that the Egyptian government is mobilising all its energies to create a more stimulating environment for production and export, to make optimal use of its strong infrastructure and promising economic sectors with preferential benefits, added that these stimulating measures and initiatives, including the formation of a Supreme Council for Investment to attract more investments.

For his part, Head of the Building Materials Division at the Federation of Industries Ahmed Abdel Hamid said that the Supreme Council for Investment is an important step and at an appropriate time to start reforming the economic sector, especially in industry and agriculture, the development wings of any advanced economy in the world.

Abdel Hamid added, “Monetary and exchange rate policies alone are not sufficient and are not beneficial, and therefore an urgent economic policy package that is completely far from the prescription of the International Monetary Fund is necessary. Besides, industries must be provided by all they need of gas and petroleum materials at competitive prices, while removing all obstacles facing industry, as industrial and agricultural sectors are the most important source of hard currency.”

Ahmed El-Shennawy, member of the Board of Directors of Egyptian Real Estate Council, and Deputy Chairperson of Sustainable Development Committee at the Egyptian Businessmen’s Association stated that the decree to form the Supreme Council for Investment enhances Egypt’s attractiveness and business climate for investment and investors.

El-Shennawy said that there are important messages for the strong formation of the council under the leadership of President El-Sisi and the membership of all ministries and agencies concerned with investment to issue required decisions quickly. Furthermore, real and effective endeavor to solve problems and remove investment obstacles, but to achieve its goals, integration and participation in forming the council between the government and businessmen. Therefore, the council should include civil society and the private sector to present all obstacles and challenges with different points of view to reach a clear, specific and implementable vision, especially in light of the current economic conditions and the terrible and rapid price increases.

He elaborated that the state must develop strategic plans based on unconventional and out-of-the-box ideas to get out of the current crisis through encouraging mechanisms to attract local and foreign investments, provide, and exploit all investment opportunities such as high foreign exchange rates. Nevertheless, all obstacles and challenges must be removed by providing a safe and stable investment environment and more flexible legislation and laws in order to increase production.

Mohamed Attia Al-Fayoumi, Treasurer of the General Federation of Chambers of Commerce and President of Qalyubia Chamber of Commerce commented that the council is a very important and timely step because it will contribute to eliminating obstacles facing investment operations, especially bureaucracy in various concerned authorities and ministries. In addition, it will have a major role in coordinating policies between these various agencies and preventing conflicts in their businesses, which is in the interest of investment and economic climate in general.

Al-Fayoumi said that the formation of the Supreme Council will ensure the speedy implementation of required economic reform plans in light of successive political and economic turmoil the whole world is witnessing, which greatly affected the comprehensive economic development plan in Egypt, like the rest of the world.

The existence of this authority, represented in the Supreme Council for Investment, under direct leadership of President El-Sisi, will lead to deliberate and effective decisions, and obligate all parties to implement them, which contributes to attracting more foreign investments, and evidence that the state is serious about a solution for problems of investors and overcoming the obstacles facing them. Furthermore, the council aims to expand the volume of participation between public and private sectors, and a clear and direct message to foreign investors, that the state is determined to change the investment climate and provide opportunities for all, according to Al-Fayoumi.

He called on the Supreme Council for Investment, with its new formation, to quickly issue laws and decisions that would purify the investment climate in Egypt, overcome current challenges at the local and global levels, encourage industry and production, and issue urgent laws and decisions that ease burdens on manufacturers and encourage investment.

Kenya and the World Bank Group Provide a $390 Million Boost the Digital Economy

The World Bank Group Board of Directors approved $390 million in financing for the first phase of a program that aims to expand access to high-speed internet, improve the quality and delivery of education and selected government services, and build skills for the regional digital economy.

The Kenya Digital Economy Acceleration Project will use a multi-phase programmatic approach (MPA) with two phases where phase one will run from 2023-2028, focusing on expanding access to high-speed internet, improving the quality and delivery of education and selected government services, and building skills for the regional digital economy, and phase two will run from 2026-2030, concentrating on building a data driven and secure environment for enhanced digital service delivery and innovation for the regional digital economy. The project will also mobilize an estimated $100 million in private capital by crowding-in the private sector for broadband infrastructure development.

“Broadening access to digital technologies and services is a cross-cutting pathway to accelerate economic growth and job creation, improve service delivery, and build resilience,” said Keith Hansen, World Bank Country Director for Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia and Uganda. “The Kenya Digital Economy Acceleration Project aims to help make Kenya’s growth more equitable by shrinking disparities in digital skills and connectivity, and expanding the digital marketplace.”

While Kenya has made impressive gains, there remains a persistent digital divide in access to broadband, digital public services, and the skills needed for individuals and businesses to thrive in an increasingly digitized economy and society. Kenya needs the economies of scale and network effects of a larger and more competitive regional market to achieve its vision to become one of the premier digital investment and innovation hubs on the African continent. Likewise, the lagging countries in the sub-region would benefit from greater access to Kenyan innovation and services.

“The initiative will increase last mile connectivity by boosting broadband network coverage for over 70% of Kenya’s population that resides in rural and underserved areas,” said Tim Kelly, Lead Digital Development Specialist at World Bank. “Kenya’s digital agenda, reflected in the ambitious ‘ICT Master Plan’, aims to transform the country into a regional ICT hub by increasing fiber optic coverage to 100,000 km and digitizing 80% of public services.”

The project will increase access to broadband through an expansion of the fiber optic backbone and last mile connectivity to government and learning institutions, as well as along Kenya’s borders, benefiting the regional digital market. The project will also boost digital skills to support the uptake of digital services and the development of a competitive labor force for the digital economy, and enhance access to regional and global markets through regulatory and policy harmonization with regional initiatives. As such, it aims to strengthen Kenya’s capacity to drive regional digital integration with positive spillovers to other countries. Expanded access to connectivity will also reduce the need for travel to access information and services thereby minimizing the carbon emissions footprint, and facilitate service delivery in times of emergencies requiring remote operations.

Focus On Botswana

Botswana is a small country with a population of about 2.35 million (World Bank, 2020) and nestled between South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Zambia. Its central location in southern Africa enables it to serve as a gateway to the region. 

Botswana has historically enjoyed high economic growth rates and its export-driven economy is highly correlated with global economic trends.  Development has been driven mainly by revenue from diamond mining, which has enabled Botswana to develop infrastructure and provide social welfare programs for vulnerable members of the population.

“The World Bank classifies Botswana as an upper middle-income country.”

Botswana is a stable, democratic country with an independent judiciary system.  It maintains a sound macroeconomic environment, fiscal discipline, a well-capitalized banking system, and a crawling peg exchange rate system. In November 2021, Moody’s revised its credit rating for Botswana from A2 to A3 with a stable outlook.  Ratings are highly influenced by Botswana’s continued dependence on diamonds, which contribute to at least a quarter of Botswana’s GDP and are susceptible to external shocks which places the country at a much higher risk.  The diamond industry has however been experiencing a recovery, setting Botswana on a positive trajectory.

Botswana has minimal labour strife. Corruption in Botswana remains less pervasive than in other parts of Africa. The Government of Botswana (GoB) created the Botswana Investment and Trade Centre (BITC) to assist foreign investors.  Botswana offers low tax rates and has no foreign exchange controls. 

The BITC’s topline economic goals are to promote export-led growth, ensure efficient government spending and financing, build human capital, and to ensure the provision of appropriate infrastructure.  GoB entities, including BITC, use these criteria to determine the level of support to give foreign investors. The GoB has committed to streamline business-related procedures, and remove bureaucratic impediments based on World Bank recommendations in a business reform roadmap. 

The GoB also established the Special Economic Zones Authority (SEZA) to streamline sector-targeted investment in Botswana’s different geographic areas. The Ministry of Investment, Trade & Industry (MITI) is developing a Trading Service Strategy to facilitate economic diversification and is also working on the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Implementation Strategy.

Due to COVID-19-related economic shortfalls, Botswana drew down heavily on its foreign exchange reserves and government savings.  Interventions like the Economic Recovery and Transformation Plan (ERTP) and the Reset Agenda augmented the short-term economic relief package that included wage subsidies, tax amnesties, waivers of certain levies due to government, loan guarantee schemes to support firms’ access to bank credit, and provision of food relief.  The president’s Reset Agenda seeks to adjust some priorities in light of new and unexpected challenges and to find smarter ways to implement projects in a timely manner and within stipulated budgets.  The ERTP aims to reinforce support already given to affected businesses and also to take advantage of opportunities that have emerged because of the pandemic such as digital services and e-commerce.

Botswana is committed to reducing greenhouse emissions to 15 percent by 2030 through renewable energy projects already underway and listed in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP).  Botswana also adopted a Climate Change Policy in 2021 which seeks to promote access to carbon markets, climate finance, and clean technologies.

Material drawn from the US Trade Administration Investment Climate Statement on Botswana 2022.

Africa’s Time Has Come

Foreign direct investment into Africa is on the rise, and with the population set to reach 1.7 billion by the end of the decade, this sleeping lion of a continent is focusing international minds. Sub-Saharan Africa in particular, with its rich well of natural resources the world covets, is seeing growth its suitors can only dream of.

Beyond natural resources and infrastructure, Sub-Saharan Africa is now diversifying its allure to encompass the tertiary sector. This has seen significant new investment into logistics and ITC services, and while the Covid-19 pandemic saw FDI inflows heavily impacted, in this the region was not alone and things have since bounced back.

One anomaly throughout it all was the renewable energy sector where investments continued unabated. This is something likely set to continue, due to significant challenges around the importing of oil and gas; a consequence of the war in Ukraine, which has made Russian energy imports toxic and harder to rely upon, as well as strict OPEC controls on production, supplies and prices. In addition, the appeal of home-grown energy has massively increased, given the rapid global shift to EVs.

On the subject of EVs, Africa is blessed with the right resources including cobalt, lithium, manganese and nickel, with the Democratic Republic of Congo and South Africa seemingly in pole position to reap the benefits.

With numerous natural resource-hungry megaprojects either under construction or greenlighted for the next few decades to come, China’s appetite for Africa’s bounty is large indeed. And, with competition for wielding influence over the same resources from the US – hard-wired to compete for pre-eminence anywhere its rival is active – as well as a determined African-focused agenda from European nations unwilling to relinquish historical economic ties, Sub-Saharan Africa finds itself subject to charm offensives from numerous suitors. Yet, in theory at least, this time, the constituent host countries are in the driving seat, so long as the institutional framework and capacity building is sufficiently strong to effectively negotiate and enforce investment agreements and manage the distribution of revenues in order to deliver a long overdue uplift in living standards and employment opportunities for its rapidly growing population.